Revised Bloom’s Taxonomy [Flash Version]

The same content is available via the following formats: A statement of a learning objective contains a verb (an action) and an object (usually a noun).
  • The verb generally refers to [actions associated with] the intended cognitive process.
  • The object generally describes the knowledge students are expected to acquire or construct. (Anderson and Krathwohl, 2001, pp. 4–5)
The cognitive process dimension represents a continuum of increasing cognitive complexity—from remember to create. Anderson and Krathwohl identify 19 specific cognitive processes that further clarify the bounds of the six categories (Table 1).
Table 1. The cognitive processes dimension — categories, cognitive processes (and alternative names) (Table 1 adapted from Anderson and Krathwohl, 2001, pp. 67–68.) The knowledge dimension represents a range from concrete (factual) to abstract (metacognitive) (Table 2). Representation of the knowledge dimension as a number of discrete steps can be a bit misleading. For example, all procedural knowledge may not be more abstract than all conceptual knowledge. And metacognitive knowledge is a special case. In this model, “metacognitive knowledge is knowledge of [one’s own] cognition and about oneself in relation to various subject matters . . . ” (Anderson and Krathwohl, 2001, p. 44). The knowledge dimension table (Table 2 adapted from Anderson and Krathwohl, 2001, p. 46.).

Recommended resources

Bloom’s Digital Taxonomy by Andrew Churches – a thorough orientation to the revised taxonomy; practical recommendations for a wide variety of ways mapping the taxonomy to the uses of current online technologies; and associated rubrics Bloom et al.’s Taxonomy of the Cognitive Domain (Dr. William G. Huitt, Valdosta State University) Revising Bloom’s Taxonomy. Theory Into Practice, 41(4), Autumn 2002. 212-264. This issue of Theory Into Practice includes the following articles:
Author Title Pages
Krathwohl, D. R. A Revision of Bloom’s Taxonomy: An Overview 212-218
Pintrich, P.R. The Role of Metacognitive Knowledge in Learning, Teaching, and Assessing 219-225
Mayer, R.E. Rote Versus Meaningful Learning 226-232
Raths, J. Improving Instruction 233-237
Ferguson, C. Using the Revised Taxonomy to Plan and Deliver Team-Taught, Integrated, Thematic Units 238-243
Byrd, P.A. The Revised Taxonomy and Prospective Teachers 244-248
Airasian, P.W. & Miranda, H. The Role of Assessment in the Revised Taxonomy 249-254
Anderson, L.W. Curricular Alignment: A Re-Examination 255-260
Additional Resources for Classroom Use 261-264
The Best Resources For Helping Teachers Use Bloom’s Taxonomy In The Classroom (Larry Ferlazzo’s Websites of the Day…) *Anderson, L.W. (Ed.), Krathwohl, D.R. (Ed.), Airasian, P.W., Cruikshank, K.A., Mayer, R.E., Pintrich, P.R., Raths, J., & Wittrock, M.C. (2001). A taxonomy for learning, teaching, and assessing: A revision of Bloom’s Taxonomy of Educational Objectives (Complete edition). New York: Longman. Creative Commons License A Model of Learning Objectives–based on A Taxonomy for Learning, Teaching, and Assessing: A Revision of Bloom’s Taxonomy of Educational Objectives by Rex Heer, Center for Excellence in Learning and Teaching, Iowa State University is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
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